Implement thread pool

Building a C++ thread pool to reduce thread-creation overhead

This medium-difficulty coding problem tests whether you can design and implement a practical concurrency utility that addresses a real performance bottleneck: the cost of spawning and destroying threads repeatedly. It's the kind of infrastructure problem you'll encounter at firms where low latency and efficient resource use matter.

A working solution requires careful handling of several concerns: managing a fixed set of worker threads, distributing work tasks safely across threads, coordinating shutdown cleanly, and ensuring no data races or deadlocks occur. You'll need to think about synchronization primitives (mutexes, condition variables), thread lifecycle management, and how to structure the queue of pending work so that idle threads wake up only when needed.

• Thread spawning and joinable thread lifecycle
• Mutual exclusion and lock management
• Condition variables for signalling between threads
• Work queue design and task dispatch
• Graceful shutdown semantics
• Hardware concurrency detection