The Span Snapshot

Understanding C++ variable scope and memory in this code-reading question

This is an easy code-reading question that tests your grasp of C++ scope rules, variable lifetime, and how the language handles memory references. It's the kind of question that quickly separates candidates who have solid foundational knowledge from those who are shaky on the fundamentals.

To answer correctly, you need to trace through the code line by line, paying close attention to where variables are declared, how they interact with scope boundaries (like braces), and what the program actually prints. The question rewards careful reading and mental execution over mathematical insight.

• Local variable scope and lifetime
• Reference semantics vs. value semantics
• Stack allocation and visibility