Two Layers of Abstraction

What this C++ language-knowledge question tests

This is an easy C++ question that asks you to trace through a code snippet and predict its output. It's the kind of question used to quickly assess whether a candidate understands how language features compose and interact, particularly around scope, object lifetime, and abstraction layers.

To solve it, you'll need to mentally execute the code line by line, paying close attention to how data flows through different levels of your program and what state persists or changes at each step. The question rewards careful reading and a solid grasp of fundamental C++ semantics rather than exotic knowledge.

• Scope and variable lifetime
• Object construction and destruction
• Function call semantics and return values