Reversed Window Output

What this C++ code-tracing question tests

This is a medium-difficulty code-reading question that probes your understanding of C++ language semantics, particularly around iteration, output buffering, and operator precedence. It rewards careful, step-by-step execution rather than guessing at what "should" happen.

To solve problems like this, you need to trace through the control flow precisely, keep track of variable state at each step, and understand how the output stream handles sequential print operations. Interviewers use these questions to verify that you read code carefully and don't rely on mental shortcuts that lead to off-by-one errors or misread operator behavior.

• Loop control flow and iteration order
• Stream output and buffering semantics
• Operator precedence and associativity
• Variable scoping and state mutation