Tracking allocations through a buffer pool

Understanding memory allocation and buffer pool lifecycle in C++

This is a medium-difficulty C++ question that tests your ability to trace memory state through a custom buffer-pool implementation. It rewards careful attention to object construction, destruction, and the lifetime of heap-allocated resources.

To work through problems like this, you need to mentally execute the program line by line, tracking which objects are alive at each point, how allocations are managed by the pool, and what happens when objects go out of scope or are explicitly destroyed. Pay close attention to constructor and destructor invocations, pointer semantics, and any state mutations that affect subsequent operations.

• Object construction and destruction order
• Heap allocation and deallocation in custom data structures
• Scope and lifetime of dynamically allocated memory
• State tracking across function calls and loops