Building a minimal resource wrapper

Understanding resource management patterns in C++

This is an easy C++ question that tests your grasp of object lifecycle, constructor and destructor execution order, and how resource wrappers behave in practice. It's the kind of foundational knowledge that quant shops expect before moving to more complex memory-management or high-frequency coding rounds.

To answer correctly, you need to trace through object construction and destruction carefully, paying attention to the order in which initializers run, the scope boundaries where objects are created and destroyed, and any implicit or explicit function calls. The question rewards clear mental models of C++ semantics over guesswork.

• Constructor and destructor call order
• Object lifetime and scope
• Stack-based resource management (RAII principles)