Working with a small buffer

What this C++ memory and buffer-handling question tests

This is a medium-difficulty C++ question that asks you to trace program execution and predict output. It examines whether you understand how local buffers behave, how data is written to and read from memory, and what happens when you work with fixed-size character arrays in C++.

To solve it, you need to step through the code line by line, tracking what values are stored where, and how those values appear when printed or accessed. The question rewards careful attention to scope, array semantics, and the distinction between declaration, initialization, and modification. It's the kind of question that catches gaps in intuition about stack-allocated storage and pointer/array interactions.

• Local array declaration and initialization
• Memory layout and access patterns
• String and character buffer semantics
• Output and side effects during program execution